Indicator: Land Use Mix
Data and Data Discussion provided by Sustainable Seattle
- Upstream Indicators
-
-
Acres of Urban Parks and Open Space --- Following a dip in the late 1990's, there has been an increase in urban parks and open space acreage per King County resident over the last 10 years. (view data graph)
-
Net Residential Density --- Residential densities throughout the urban area of King County have increased over the last 10 years. (view data graph)
-
- more info
- Downstream Indicators
-
-
Acres in Forest and Farm Land --- King County has maintained its forest and farmland with very little change in total acreages since 1995. (view data graph)
-
Housing Affordability by City --- Homes prices have increased at a greater rate than incomes over the last two decades, making home ownership less affordable. However, rents have increased at a slower rate, generally in line with median household incomes. (view data graph)
-
Urbanization and Impervious Surface Changes --- The number of acres of urban land, clear-cut, and regenerating forest have increased in King County since 1986. Acres of grass and deciduous, mixed and coniferous forest have decreased. Acres of rural forests and privately owned working forests have declined in recent years (view data graph)
-
Neighborhood Social Cohesion --- There were no significant changes in social cohesion levels between 2001 and 2004. (view data graph)
-
Participation in Life-Enriching Activities --- In 2004, 85% of King County adults were "very active" or "somewhat active" in at least three different activities. The increases in this indicator between 1999 and 2001 and 2001 and 2004 are not statistically significant. (view data graph)
-
Perceived Neighborhood Safety --- The average level of perceived neighborhood safety among King County residents in 2004 was not significantly different from 2001. (view data graph)
-
Percent of Households Paying More than 30% of Income for Housing --- The percent of King County households - both home owners and renters - spending more than 30% of their income on housing has increased over the last 25 years. (view data graph)
-
Housing AND Transportation Costs as a Percentage of Budget --- There is no on-going reporting for this indicator broken down for King County or the Central Puget Sound, though there are multiple data sources showing that the costs of transportation and housing are going up in the region. Recent hikes in gas prices indicate that these costs will continue to escalate. (view data graph)
-
Physical and Mental Health Restrictions --- There has been an increase in the percentage of King County adults with 3 or more restricted activity days from 1993 to 2004. This local increase corresponds to worsening trends nationally. (view data graph)
-
Prevalence of Overweight & Obese Adults --- The proportion of King County adults who are overweight and obese continues to climb. In 2006, almost one in five adults were obese and more than half were overweight. Nearly nine percent of school age children were overweight. (view data graph)
-
Housing Affordability Gap --- The ratio of median income sales price to median household incomes has increased in all four Central Puget Sound counties from 1995 to 2007. (2) Median income levels generally have kept better pace with increases in average rents from 2000 to 2006. (1) (view data graph)
-
Vehicle Miles Traveled --- In 2007, VMT for the Puget Sound region increased by 0.6 percent over 2006, continuing an almost 30-year trend. Annual VMT has decreased only three times since 1980 when the first estimates became available. (view data graph)
-
Physical Activity --- A person has met the recommended level of physical activity if they report having at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity at least 5 times per week. This is a new standard since these physical activity figures were last reported, therefore trend data are not available. (view data graph)
-
- more info
- Related Goals
-
A mixed land use development incorporates many sectors of a community in one area and can also ensure that affordable housing projects are included in the development plan. When neighborhoods are developed by integrating diverse land uses people are able to stay close to home for the things they need, allowing them to make more sustainable transportation choices and support their local businesses.
- more info
Sustainability Snapshot:
Well-planned communities with a balanced mix of land uses (e.g. retail, office, and residential uses) give residents the option to walk, bike or take transit to nearby attractions. Low density, segregated land uses and disconnected streets are associated with increased auto use, increased obesity and other chronic illness. High residential density by itself has only a weak relationship with walking – the presence of mixed land uses and meaningful trip destinations are more important for encouraging walking.
Sustainability Trend:
The data for this indicator was taken from a snapshot study of King County.
Data Discussion
- The Indicator Defined
-
Composite measure of six different land uses, including education, entertainment, single and multi-family residential, retail and office uses. The Mixed-use factor looks at the number of different uses within a given area as well as their relative amounts.
- Data Interpretation/Evaluation
-
Land use mix is a composite of three different land use measures, providing complementary perspectives on land use dynamics in neighborhoods. It takes into account the number of different land uses among six categories of attractions (education, entertainment, sing family residential, multi-family residential. retail and office) as well as their relative amounts in terms of building floor areas to total buffer land area. Land use mix has a significant impact on modal choices for shorter non-work trips.
The three measures are:
The number of different land uses (individual attractions) captures the total unique destinations accessible within a household or employment network buffer. More unique attractions indicate an area has a more diverse, and potentially more interesting, streetscape.
The rentable building area (square footage) of a use indicates the actual density of a particular use within a buffer area (the area within a one kilometer walk of home or workplace).
The total parcel area measures the total parcel area committed to particular uses and gives a sense of gross area devoted to uses in a buffer, independent of the number of uses or the rentable floor space of those uses. This measure is somewhat equivalent to a description of conventional zoning by use.
Table 1, Land Use Distribution, summarizes the distribution of land uses (attractions) in King County by the number of parcels by land use, the useable square footage in each land use type, and the total acreage in each land use type. Single-family residential is the dominant land use type in King County, both in terms of number of parcels as well as total acreage.
- Data Source and Limitations
-
Data and data discussion is based on the LUTAQH Study referenced below.
- collapse all
Additional Resources
- Healthscape Transportation Programming Tool
This 2006 briefing paper describes the development of a tool to evaluate the impacts of transportation investments and land use actions on travel, environment, and health related outcomes.
